Pain

Person sitting on the edge of a bed before sleep and gently stretching a calf muscle.

Nighttime Leg Cramps: Causes and What May Help

Nighttime leg cramps are sudden, painful, involuntary muscle contractions, usually in the calf or foot, that occur during sleep or rest and last from several seconds to several minutes. The exact cause is often unknown. Muscle fatigue, pregnancy, age, some medicines, and certain health conditions may contribute. Gentle stretching usually...

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Woman sitting on the edge of a bed in the morning and holding her lower back because of pain from a pinched nerve.

Lumbar radiculopathy: causes, relief, and warning signs

Lumbar radiculopathy occurs when a nerve root in the lower spine is irritated or compressed, often by a herniated disk or age-related narrowing. It can cause pain that travels into a leg, with tingling, numbness, or weakness. Many cases improve without surgery, but new bladder, bowel, saddle-sensation, or rapidly worsening...

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Pain between the shoulder blades: causes, self-care, and warning signs

Pain between the shoulder blades often comes from muscles, joints, or the neck and may be aggravated by sustained sitting or repetitive arm work. It can also be referred from the chest or internal organs. Because location alone cannot identify the cause, it is important to recognize chest, breathing, neurologic,...

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Pain in the ball of the foot: causes and ways to reduce pressure

Pain beneath the toes or ball of the foot is often described as metatarsalgia, a symptom involving the area beneath the metatarsal heads. Morton’s neuroma, sesamoid injury, arthritis, and a stress fracture can cause overlapping symptoms, so treatment depends on the diagnosis. This guide compares four possible causes, reviews factors associated...

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Woman lying in bed at night and holding her sore shoulder after waking with pain.

Shoulder pain at night: causes and ways to find relief

Shoulder pain can feel worse at night because sleeping positions place pressure on sensitive tissue or leave the arm unsupported. Rotator cuff disorders and frozen shoulder are among the possible causes, but nighttime pain alone does not identify the condition. This guide reviews common causes, sleeping positions that may reduce discomfort,...

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Achilles Tendon Pain: Causes, Treatment, and Exercises

Achilles tendinopathy usually develops when tendon loading exceeds its capacity over time. Complete rest rarely restores that capacity; treatment generally uses gradual, controlled loading. Eccentric heel-lowering exercises are well studied, but they are one of several effective loading approaches. This guide explains midportion and insertional pain, exercise differences, footwear and...

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Plantar fasciitis: causes, symptoms, and treatment

Plantar fasciitis is irritation and overuse of the plantar fascia, the band of connective tissue that links the heel bone to the toes and supports the arch. It affects about 10% of people during their lifetime and is recognized by sharp heel pain with the first steps in the morning....

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